Human Auditory Organ (Hearing)

Auditory organ / human auditory function and have had a very vital role for humans to catch the stimuli around it which is then perceived as sound. Humans can hear the water running, voices, etc.. also through the role of this amazing organ.Physical and psychological dimensions of sound (sound)Sound waves, a periodic pressure of air, water, and other media. When the tree falls, then the tree and the ground will vibrate, adjust the sound waves in air that will go into the ear or ears vibrate. Sound waves are transformed into amplitude and frequency. Amplitude is the intensity of the sound wave itself. Which barred the flash, resulting in a very large amplitude. Noise is the sensation associated with it, but not always identic with the amplitude. example is, people who speak more quickly will sound more noisy, or louder than the music slow, whereas the amplitude of both.

         The frequency of sound or sound is a matter of sound pressure per second in the measure heartz per second (Hz). While the pitch associated with aspects of perception. Pitch is our subjective experience of the existence of sound, high or low, the brain calculated through a specific physical stimulus, in this case the speed or frequency of sound waves. So that means the sound waves of low amplitude low soft sound, while higher mean amplitude of the sound waves and noise. For more details, please see the following picture:

Hearing Processes

            The process of hearingThe hearing process starts from the impulse of stimuli that were captured by the vibrations to our ears. Then the vibration into the ear through the ear and the tympanic membrane and then vibrate the tympanic membrane or eardrum. Vibration of the eardrum causes  Vibration of  three tiny bones hammer, anvil, and stirrup, and stirrup. Then the vibration is stronger impulses in the cochlea so that changing the position of hair cells. In this stage an open ion channels, depolarization, action potential, and release of neurotransmitters. Then excite the auditory nerve cells, and the information reaches the primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal.

Auditory hair cell receptor, is a miniature hair-shaped cells protruding from the underside of the membrane of the cochlea called the basilar membrane. Vibration of fluid in the cochlea pipe, causing the movement of the basilar membrane, which literally turned the hair cells. Bending mechanism of hair cells generate forces which, when sufficiently large electrical impulses activate the movement of nerve cells.

Hearing DisorderDeafDeaf as a whole are rare, 99% still respond in a loud voice. Deaf is divided into 2a. Conductive deafness (Deaf middle ear)Namely interference noise on the conducting outer or middle ear. bone-re in the middle ear failed to conduct proper vibrations in the cochlea.This can be caused by infection, disease, bone growth that is not fair and sometimes only temporary, if continued, treatment with surgery or hearing aids for amplification of the stimulus.b. Nerve deafnessthere is damage to:
            - The cochlea or
            - Hair cells
            - Auditory nervehearing aids can not compensate for the extensive nerve damage, but can help in cases of loss of a number of receptors in the cochlea. Nerve deafness due to several causes, among them: could be due to hereditary or genetic factors, pregnant women who are sick rubella (measles), syphilis, other toxins, the supply of oxygen to the baby's brain is not sufficient at birth, meningitis, certain drugs in childhood children: aspirin repeated exposure to loud sounds such as the residents who live near the airport, every day, heard the loud plane and head traumatic, tumors.